en Nursing Orginal research <p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is characterized by painful cramps of lower abdomen without abnormal pelvic pathology. PD begins some hours before or simultaneously with the onset of menstrual bleeding.<br> <strong><em>Objectives:</em></strong> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of separate and concurrent supplementation of fish oils (FO) containing n-3 fatty acids and Rosa <del cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:08">damascena </del><ins cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:08">D</ins><ins cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:08">amascena </ins>extract (RDE) on PD symptoms.<br> <strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> In this double blind clinical trial in 2015, through convenience sampling, 105 university students with primary menstrual pain in most recent years, without <del cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:11">significant </del><ins cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:11">abnormal </ins>pathology, and<ins cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:10"> with</ins> moderate/severe <del cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:14">dysmenorrhea</del><ins cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:14">dysmenorrheal symptoms</ins> according to visual analogue scale (VAS) were randomly assigned into one of four groups: 1. FO 1000 mg/day (n=26), 2. RDE 1000 mg/day (n=27), 3. FO and RDE concurrently, with the same dose (n=27), and 4. Control group (n=25). All measurements were performed three times, at the beginning, 30^th day, and 60^th day. Symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, cramp, low back pain, headache, fatigue, anxiety, sweat, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, and feeling cold were measured by VAS<del cite="mailto:DrPayami" datetime="2017-12-26T09:13"> method</del>.<br> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> After 2-month treatment, supplementation with RDE significantly reduced severity of bloating (p<0.001) and sweat (p<0.001), but FO supplementation had no significant effect on PD symptoms. The concurrent use of FO and RDE significantly decreased severity of diarrhea (p=0.038), weakness (p<0.001), dizziness (p=0.003), and feeling cold (p=0.049).<br> <strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> Our results suggest that the concurrent supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and RDE could be more effective than their separate use in decreasing PD symptoms; however, larger trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.</p> <p></p> dysmenorrhea, rosa damascena, fish oils, symptoms 33 40 http://nmcjournal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-590-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Soheila Davaneghi s.davaneghi@gmail.com 10031947532846007726 10031947532846007726 No School of Nutrition and food sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Ali Tarighat Esfanjani Tarighat45@Gmail.com 10031947532846007727 10031947532846007727 Yes School of Nutrition and food sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Abdolrasool Safaiyan arsafaiyan@gmail.com 10031947532846007728 10031947532846007728 No School of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Zahra Fardiazar fardyazar@yahoo.com 10031947532846007729 10031947532846007729 No School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz