en Midwifery Orginal research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#2980b9;"><b>Background:</b></span> Primary dysmenorrhea, characterized by abdominal pain during menstruation resulting from uterine contraction and ischemia, affects approximately 50% of women. &nbsp;<br> <span style="color:#2980b9;"><b>Objectives: </b></span>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inhalation aromatherapy with neroli oil on the pain reduction of dysmenorrhea.<b> </b><span style="line-height:150%"></span><br> <span style="color:#2980b9;"><b>Methods</b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA">:</span></span> This two-group randomized clinical trial (non-blinded due to odor) was conducted in 2021 among 70 students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences with primary dysmenorrhea. Participants were randomly assigned to the neroli oil or placebo group using numbers 1&ndash;70 generated at <a href="http://www.graphpad.com" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" target="_new">www.graphpad.com</a>. Each was followed over four menstrual cycles: during the first two, pain intensity was recorded using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) without treatment; during the next two, inhalation aromatherapy with 2% neroli oil or placebo was applied once daily for 30 minutes on the first two days of menstruation. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests.<br> <span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:#2980b9;"><b>Results</b>:</span> A significant difference in pain severity was observed between the two groups following the intervention, during both the first (t = 3.77, p = .001) and second cycles (t = 4.07, p < .001). In the intervention group, the mean pain intensity (SD) decreased from 6.58 (0.95) and 6.19 (0.98) before the intervention to 2.83 (0.68) and 2.32 (0.79) afterwards. Similarly, in the control group, pain scores reduced from 6.29 (1.18) and 6.16 (1.03) to 3.64 (1.14) and 3.35 (1.17), respectively.</span><br> <span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:#2980b9;"><b>Conclusion:</b></span>&nbsp; In conclusion, Neroli oil aromatherapy appears to be effective in reducing the pain intensity associated with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).</span></span></span></span></div> Dysmenorrhea, Aromatherapy, Aurantium Citrus, Citrus, Neroli Oil 42 49 http://nmcjournal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1047-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 zeinab bayat z.bayat1995sb@gmail.com 100319475328460014425 100319475328460014425 Yes 1MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran zahra Behboodi Moghadam Behboodi@tums.ac.ir 100319475328460014426 100319475328460014426 No 2Professor, department of midwifery, school of nursing and midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran shima Haghani Shima_haghani@yahoo.com 100319475328460014427 100319475328460014427 No MSc, Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran