Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery
Volume 16, Issue 2 (4-2026)
Prev Care Nurs Midwifery 2026, 16(2): 97-117 |
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Ethics code: IR.ZUMS.REC.1400.398
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Aligholipour M, Babaivahed N, Costeira C, Hanifi N. Death Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Hybrid Concept Analysis. Prev Care Nurs Midwifery 2026; 16 (2) :97-117
URL: http://nmcjournal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-1051-en.html
URL: http://nmcjournal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-1051-en.html
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran , nasrinhanifi@zums.ac.ir
Abstract: (526 Views)
Background: Death anxiety is a distressing fear related to Death or the dying process, shaped by sociocultural and individual factors. During acute global health crises such as COVID-19, this anxiety may intensify and assume context-specific characteristics.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the concept of death anxiety during COVID-19 and develop a conceptual definition using Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's hybrid model of concept analysis.
Methods: A hybrid concept analysis with three phases (theoretical, fieldwork, analytical) was conducted. The theoretical phase reviewed literature from electronic databases, yielding 67 articles for analysis. The fieldwork phase involved semi-structured interviews with 14 COVID-19 survivors. The analytical phase integrated these findings to develop a comprehensive conceptual definition.
Results: Hybrid concept analysis identified death anxiety during COVID-19 as a multidimensional response involving emotional impairment and faith-anger struggle. Key antecedents included information chaos and social isolation, while consequences ranged from psychological distress to transformative outcomes like rebirth and spiritual integration.
Conclusion: Grounded in Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's model, this analysis reveals death anxiety as a multidimensional phenomenon with a dual trajectory of consequences, from psychological distress to transformative "rebirth", within the Iranian context.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the concept of death anxiety during COVID-19 and develop a conceptual definition using Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's hybrid model of concept analysis.
Methods: A hybrid concept analysis with three phases (theoretical, fieldwork, analytical) was conducted. The theoretical phase reviewed literature from electronic databases, yielding 67 articles for analysis. The fieldwork phase involved semi-structured interviews with 14 COVID-19 survivors. The analytical phase integrated these findings to develop a comprehensive conceptual definition.
Results: Hybrid concept analysis identified death anxiety during COVID-19 as a multidimensional response involving emotional impairment and faith-anger struggle. Key antecedents included information chaos and social isolation, while consequences ranged from psychological distress to transformative outcomes like rebirth and spiritual integration.
Conclusion: Grounded in Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's model, this analysis reveals death anxiety as a multidimensional phenomenon with a dual trajectory of consequences, from psychological distress to transformative "rebirth", within the Iranian context.
Keywords: Death Anxiety, COVID-19, Hybrid Concept Analysis, Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's Model, Spiritual Care.
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Reseach Highlights:
Knowledge Translation Statement
Audience: Nursing managers and mental health policymakers
Death anxiety during COVID-19 involved information chaos, isolation, and a faith-anger struggle, with outcomes ranging from distress to rebirth. Managers may consider integrating existential and culturally sensitive spiritual care into crisis preparedness.
Type of Study: Orginal research |
Subject:
Nursing
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