Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal
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RN, PhD, Professor, Critical Care and Emergency Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery School, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. , nasrinhanifi@gmail.com
Abstract: (3 Views)
Background: Healthcare behaviors, including preventive actions, treatment adherence, and decision-making during health crises, are heavily influenced by individual risk perceptions.
Objectives: This study was developed to understand risk perception during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A hybrid concept analysis was performed following Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's model. The model was implemented in three phases: theoretical (systematic review of 51 articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, MagIran, and Iran-Medex, 2019–2024), fieldwork (semi-structured interviews with 7 COVID-19 patients), and final analytical integration.
Results: The theoretical phase yielded 139 initial codes and 10 subcategories, while the fieldwork phase produced 172 initial codes and 9 subcategories. The analysis confirmed COVID-19 risk perception as a multifaceted phenomenon. The framework organized findings into three main categories: antecedents (information overload, personal vulnerability, awareness of an unknown disease, distrust in guidelines, and observing pandemic realities), attributes (cognitive dimensions including information-seeking and severity judgment, alongside emotional dimensions comprising fear and anxiety), and consequences (ranging from adherence to protective protocols and altruism to pandemic fatigue and non-compliance). Fieldwork revealed culturally specific factors within the Iranian context, including reliance on spiritual beliefs and traditional medicine.
Conclusions: This study defines COVID-19 risk perception as a multidimensional construct comprising cognitive and emotional attributes, shaped by specific antecedents, and leading to behavioral consequences. This definition enables nurses to systematically assess patients' risk perceptions, identify barriers to preventive behaviors, and design targeted, culturally sensitive interventions to improve adherence in future health emergencies.
Objectives: This study was developed to understand risk perception during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A hybrid concept analysis was performed following Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's model. The model was implemented in three phases: theoretical (systematic review of 51 articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, MagIran, and Iran-Medex, 2019–2024), fieldwork (semi-structured interviews with 7 COVID-19 patients), and final analytical integration.
Results: The theoretical phase yielded 139 initial codes and 10 subcategories, while the fieldwork phase produced 172 initial codes and 9 subcategories. The analysis confirmed COVID-19 risk perception as a multifaceted phenomenon. The framework organized findings into three main categories: antecedents (information overload, personal vulnerability, awareness of an unknown disease, distrust in guidelines, and observing pandemic realities), attributes (cognitive dimensions including information-seeking and severity judgment, alongside emotional dimensions comprising fear and anxiety), and consequences (ranging from adherence to protective protocols and altruism to pandemic fatigue and non-compliance). Fieldwork revealed culturally specific factors within the Iranian context, including reliance on spiritual beliefs and traditional medicine.
Conclusions: This study defines COVID-19 risk perception as a multidimensional construct comprising cognitive and emotional attributes, shaped by specific antecedents, and leading to behavioral consequences. This definition enables nurses to systematically assess patients' risk perceptions, identify barriers to preventive behaviors, and design targeted, culturally sensitive interventions to improve adherence in future health emergencies.
Keywords: Risk Perception, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemic, Preventive Behaviors, Hybrid Model, Concept Analysis, Schwartz-Barcott and Kim
Type of Study: Orginal research |
Subject:
Nursing
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