Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal
Zanjan University of Medical Science
Sun, May 19, 2024
[Archive]
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2021)
PCNM 2021, 11(3): 55-62 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Shirzadi Z, Khakpour R, Khodabakhshi-koolaee A. The Relationship between Psychological Lifestyle and Spiritual Intelligence among Women. PCNM 2021; 11 (3) :55-62
URL: http://nmcjournal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.html
URL: http://nmcjournal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.html
Department of Counseling & Guidance, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran , R.khakpour@riau.ac.ir
Abstract: (4736 Views)
Background: According to Adler, lifestyle reflects the individual’s unique, unconscious, and repetitive way of responding to or avoiding main living routines: friendship, love, work, spirituality, family, and self-acceptance. Lifestyle is related to spirituality, as well as the life solutions chosen by a person.
Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological lifestyle and spiritual intelligence in women.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, all the women referred to counseling centers and health clinics in districts five and six of Tehran in 2020. The participants were 400 women who met our inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study, chosen by the convenience sampling method. For calculating the sample size, we used the Cochran formula. The data were collected using the Self-Report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence (King & DeCicco, 2009) and Adlerian-Based Lifestyle Assessment (Curlette, Wheeler, & Kern, 1993) tools. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test by SPSS 16.
Results:: The results indicated that 32% of the women were 26 to 30 years old, 38.75% of them had a diploma, and 35.2% had two children. The findings showed a significant and positive relationship between lifestyle and spiritual intelligence (P<0.01), indicating that the higher a person’s lifestyle score was, the higher his/her level of spiritual intelligence would be.
Conclusion: Studies have shown that lifestyle, a sense of belonging, going along, taking charge, wanting recognition, and being cautious, plays a decisive role throughout a person’s social, professional, marital, and physical lives, as well as his/her spiritual intelligence. Our findings can be used for educating, guiding, and counseling women to appropriately modify their life styles
Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological lifestyle and spiritual intelligence in women.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, all the women referred to counseling centers and health clinics in districts five and six of Tehran in 2020. The participants were 400 women who met our inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study, chosen by the convenience sampling method. For calculating the sample size, we used the Cochran formula. The data were collected using the Self-Report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence (King & DeCicco, 2009) and Adlerian-Based Lifestyle Assessment (Curlette, Wheeler, & Kern, 1993) tools. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test by SPSS 16.
Results:: The results indicated that 32% of the women were 26 to 30 years old, 38.75% of them had a diploma, and 35.2% had two children. The findings showed a significant and positive relationship between lifestyle and spiritual intelligence (P<0.01), indicating that the higher a person’s lifestyle score was, the higher his/her level of spiritual intelligence would be.
Conclusion: Studies have shown that lifestyle, a sense of belonging, going along, taking charge, wanting recognition, and being cautious, plays a decisive role throughout a person’s social, professional, marital, and physical lives, as well as his/her spiritual intelligence. Our findings can be used for educating, guiding, and counseling women to appropriately modify their life styles
Type of Study: Orginal research |
Subject:
other
Received: 2021/04/1 | Accepted: 2021/09/1 | Published: 2021/09/1
Received: 2021/04/1 | Accepted: 2021/09/1 | Published: 2021/09/1
References
1. 1. Watts RE. Adlerian counseling. The handbook of educational theories. 2013; 459-72.
2. Sweeney TJ. Adlerian counseling and psychotherapy: A practitioner's approach. 6th ed. London, Routledge, Taylor & Francis pub; 2009. [Crossref]
3. Adler A. Understanding human nature (Psychology revivals). London, Routledge; 2013. [Crossref]
4. Reider N, Henri F. Ellenberger. The discovery of the unconscious. The history and evolution of dynamic psychiatry. New York: Basic Books. 1971; 7(2): 194-96.
https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(197104)7:2<194::AID-JHBS2300070212>3.0.CO;2-7 [Crossref]
5. Linden GW. The fourth and fifth life tasks as existential challenges. J Individ Psychol. 2020; 76(1): 59-69. [Crossref]
6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). 5 th ed. American Psychiatric Pub; 2013. [Crossref]
7. Shulman BH, Mosak HH. Manual for lifestyle assessment.1 st ed. London, Routledge; 2015. [Crossref]
8. Jonynienė J, Kern RM. Individual psychological lifestyles and parenting style in Lithuanian parents of 6-to-12-year olds. Int J Psychol. 2012; 11: 89-117.
9. Gaube J, Kern RM. Importance of Adlerian Lifestyle personality attributes for body mass index among women. Eur Sci J. 2015; 11(2).
10. Rasmussen PR. Adaptive reorientation therapy (ART): An Adlerian model for the treatment of emotional disorders. Rev de Psicol del. 2015; 26(102): 93-110.
11. King DB. Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: a definition, model and measure Applications of modeling in the Natural and social sciences program [dissertation]. Canada, Trent University; 2008.
12. King DB, Mara CA, DeCicco TL. Connecting the spiritual and emotional intelligence: Confirming an intelligence criterion and assessing the role of empathy. Int J Transpers Stud. 2012; 31(1): 11-20. [Crossref]
13. Bhullar A. The growth of spiritual intelligence. Indian J Educ Stud. 2015; 2(1): 122-31.
14. Khodabakhshi Koolaee A, Chaeichi Tehrani N, Sanagoo A. The relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence with self-compassion of nursing students. Iran J Med Educ. 2019; 19: 44-53. [In Persian] [Crossref]
15. Liu Y, Froese P. Faith and Agency: The Relationships Between Sense of Control, Socioeconomic Status, and Beliefs About God. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 2020; 59(2): 311-26. [Crossref]
16. Khodabakhshi-Kolaee A. The comparison of health literacy and lifestyle among retired and homemaker older adults' women. J Health Lit. 2016; 1(3): 155-63. [In Persian]
17. Smith TB, Bartz J, Richards PS. Outcomes of religious and spiritual adaptations to psychotherapy: A meta-analytic review. Psychother Res. 2007; 17(6): 643-55. [Crossref]
18. Niemeijer AJ, Visse M, Van Leeuwen R, Leget C, Cusveller BS. The role of spirituality in lifestyle-changing among patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases: a literature review of qualitative studies. J Relig Health. 2017; 56(4): ,1460-77. [Crossref]
19. Amirian, ME, Fazilat-Pour M. Simple and multivariate relationships between spiritual intelligence with general health and happiness. J Relig Health. 2016; 55(4): 1275-88. [Crossref]
20. King D, DeCicco DB. A viable model and self-report measure of spiritual intelligence. Transpers Stud. 2009; 28: 68-85.
https://doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2010.28.1.68 [Crossref]
21. Hossein Jari M, Zakeri H. The effect of studying university majors, religious and art sciences on spiritual intelligence: a trial for validation and measuring the reliability of spiritual intelligence scale. Educ Measure. 2010; 1(1): 1-21. [In Persian]
22. Curlette WL, Kern RM, Wheeler MS. Uses and interpretations of scores on the BASIS-A inventory. Individ Psychol. 1996; 52(2): 95.
23. Peluso PR, Stoltz KB, Belangee S, Frey MR, Pelus JP. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Measure of the Adlerian Lifestyle, the BASIS-A Inventory. J Individ Psychol. 2010; 66(2).
24. Bashiri M, Alizadeh H, Karami A. Psychometric characteristics and standardization of basis-a (lifestyle inventory) on 18-40-year-old youths. J Couns Res Dev. 2007; 6(21): 69 -92. [In Persian].
25. Al-Saeayida KA, Al-Khatib MI. Lifestyles and their relationships with mental health levels among university students. J Al-Quds Open Univ Educ & Psychol Res Stud. 2017; 6(19): 5.
26. Tey SE, Park MS, Golden KJ. Religiosity and healthy lifestyle behaviors in Malaysian Muslims: the mediating role of subjective well-being and self-regulation. J Relig Health. 2018; 57(6): 2050-65. [Crossref]
27. Tiwari DN. Social interest and social well-being: Perspectives from Adlerian psychology. In Neelam Rathee (Ed.) Violence and conflict resolution contemporary perspectives. New Delhi. Global Vision Publishing House. 2010: 31-8.
28. Kim E, Seo J, Paik H, Sohn S. The Effectiveness of Adlerian Therapy for Hwa-Byung in Middle-Aged South Korean Women. Counse Psychol. 2020; 48(8): 1082-108. [Crossref]
29. Kao LE, Peteet JR, Cook CC. Spirituality and mental health. J Stud Spirituality. 2020; 10(1): 42-54. [Crossref]
30. Bitter JR, Carlson J. Adlerian thought and process in systems of family therapy. J Individ Psychol. 2017; 73(4): 307-27. [Crossref]
31. Maniacci MP, Carlson J, Sackett-Maniacci L. Neo-Adlerian approaches to psychotherapy. J Individ Psychol. 2017; 73(2): 95-109. [Crossref]
32. Dein S, Cook CC, Koenig H. Religion, spirituality, and mental health: current controversies and future directions. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2012; 200(10): 852-5. [Crossref]
33. Moradi N, Maleki A, Zenoozian S. The Effect of Integrating Midwifery Counseling with a Spiritual Approach on Pregnant Women's Spiritual Experience: A randomized Controlled Trial. Prev Care Nurs & Midwifery J. 2020; 10(2): 55-63.
34. Mohebi P, Rastegari L, Jaafari E, Sepehrinia M. Spiritual intelligence in Zanjan nursing and midwifery students and its related factors. Prev Care Nurs & Midwifery J. 2013; 2(2): 49-56. [In Persian].
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
