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Audience: Health system managers, hospital administrators, policymakers, and public health professionals
Healthcare providers experienced the COVID-19 pandemic as a three-phase shock (alarm, struggle, exhaustion) but also as an empowering challenge that revealed systemic gaps and promoted integration, prevention, and public health awareness. To build resilient health systems, managers and policymakers must proactively stockpile supplies, invest in workforce training and telehealth infrastructure, and develop clear, adaptable crisis communication and management plans for future emergencies.