Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal
Sat, May 24, 2025
[Archive]
Volume 13, Issue 2 (3-2023)
PCNM 2023, 13(2): 68-81 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Bakeshlou A, Namadian M, Javidpoor M, Marzban A, Ahmadi F. Investigating the Growth, Developmental Status, and Some Social Determinants Related to Children Under Five Years Old who were Referred to Comprehensive Urban Health Centers in Zanjan -2021. PCNM 2023; 13 (2) :68-81
URL: http://nmcjournal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-855-en.html
URL: http://nmcjournal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-855-en.html
Associate professor in Community Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health& Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran , m.namadian@zums.ac.ir
Abstract: (1057 Views)
Background: Considering the role of the growth and developmental status of children on their adulthood health status, and the effect of some related social determinants, the continuous assessment of these indices is very important.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the growth, and developmental status of children under five years, and some social factors related to in children referred to Zanjan urban comprehensive health centers in 2021.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 397 children less than five years old (4 -60 months) using multi-stage random sampling according to the age and gender of children. The tools used in this study included demographic and social determinants questionnaires, Ages & Stages validated Questionnaires, and calibrated meters and scales to monitor growth and developmental status. The data were analyzed using Spss software 26.
Results: Almost 50% of fathers had a private job and 69.8% of mothers were housewives. Nearly 34% of mothers and 39% of fathers had an academic higher education degree. The most normal cases of children's development have belonged to the area of gross movements (94.2%) and the least normal cases belonged to the area of delicate movements (90.7%). There was a significant relationship between the variables of father's occupation, father's corporal punishment experience, child's gender, neighborhood (geographical regions), and parents' age with developmental status. Children's growth was also significantly related to the neighborhood (geographical regions) (height: P=0.001, weight: P=0.008, head circumference: P=0.017), but it was not related to other demographic and social determinants. The results of the logistic regression test showed that for every one-year increase in the age of the father or mother, the chance of the child being abnormal in the field of gross movements decreased by 10%.
Conclusion: The neighborhood and physical environment (geographical regions) was the most important common social determinant in children who had a delay in growth or development. This shows the importance of attention, intervention, and more studies on equality and equity in health for areas that are involved with economic problems and poverty cultural issues, parents' knowledge and awareness of parenting methods, which lead to many problems in the growth and developmental status of children, their health and its complications.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the growth, and developmental status of children under five years, and some social factors related to in children referred to Zanjan urban comprehensive health centers in 2021.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 397 children less than five years old (4 -60 months) using multi-stage random sampling according to the age and gender of children. The tools used in this study included demographic and social determinants questionnaires, Ages & Stages validated Questionnaires, and calibrated meters and scales to monitor growth and developmental status. The data were analyzed using Spss software 26.
Results: Almost 50% of fathers had a private job and 69.8% of mothers were housewives. Nearly 34% of mothers and 39% of fathers had an academic higher education degree. The most normal cases of children's development have belonged to the area of gross movements (94.2%) and the least normal cases belonged to the area of delicate movements (90.7%). There was a significant relationship between the variables of father's occupation, father's corporal punishment experience, child's gender, neighborhood (geographical regions), and parents' age with developmental status. Children's growth was also significantly related to the neighborhood (geographical regions) (height: P=0.001, weight: P=0.008, head circumference: P=0.017), but it was not related to other demographic and social determinants. The results of the logistic regression test showed that for every one-year increase in the age of the father or mother, the chance of the child being abnormal in the field of gross movements decreased by 10%.
Conclusion: The neighborhood and physical environment (geographical regions) was the most important common social determinant in children who had a delay in growth or development. This shows the importance of attention, intervention, and more studies on equality and equity in health for areas that are involved with economic problems and poverty cultural issues, parents' knowledge and awareness of parenting methods, which lead to many problems in the growth and developmental status of children, their health and its complications.
Keywords: growth, development, ages & stages’ questionnaires [ASQ], growth chart, under 5-year-old children
Type of Study: Orginal research |
Subject:
Nursing
Received: 2022/12/15 | Accepted: 2023/03/1 | Published: 2023/03/1
Received: 2022/12/15 | Accepted: 2023/03/1 | Published: 2023/03/1
References
1. 1. Mohammadi M, Veisi Raygan A, Mirzaei M, Zahed Neghad H, Jalali R, Abbasi P. Prevalence of underweight in Iranian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tehran Univ Med J (TUMJ). 2018; 76(4): 241-249. [In Persian]
2. Hasani Seyed A, Seyedi Andi Seyed J, HajiAhmadi M, Bakhtiyari A, Ahmad Zadeh N, Khooran M. Assessment of Adaptation of Growth Curve in less than two years old The Children Referring to Health-Therapeutic Centers with world Growth Standards. Iranian Journal of Pediatric Nursing (JPEN). 2017; 4(2): 39-43. [In Persian] [crossref]
3. National Library of Medicine [MeSH]. Growth. National Library of Medicine. [Cited 2005]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=growth.
4. Vahabzadeh D, Karandish M, Eftekhari J, Haghighizadeh M, Aletayeb H. Risk factors of growth faltering among 3-36 months old children in Ahwaz, Iran. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 20(5): 481-491. [In Persian]
5. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZQA, Christian P, Onis MD, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low‐income and middle‐income countries. Lancet. 2013; (382 ): 427‐51. [crossref]
6. Vahhabi N, Zaeri F, Fazeli Moghadam E, Safari M, Ebrahim Zadeh F. Assessing the factors affecting height and weight trends among children under two years of age in Khorramabad: an application of marginal modeling. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2015; 11(3): 52-61. [In Persian]
7. World Health Organization (WHO). Levels and trends in child malnutrition: UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank Group joint child malnutrition estimates: key findings of the 2021 edition. WHO [Cited 5 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025257
8. Zablotsky B, Black Li, Maenner MJ, Scheive LA, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH, et al. Prevalence and trends of developmental disabilities among children in the United States: 2009-2017. Pediatrics. 2019; 144(4): e20190811. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-0811. [crossref]
9. Bahtiar BA, Ali A, Yusof HM, Kamarudin KS. Child Development and Nutritional Status of Children Under Five: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Fishermen Community in Terengganu, Malaysia. J Gizi Pangan 2021July; 16(2): 91-100. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2021.16.2.63-70 [crossref]
10. World Health Organization (WHO). World Health Statistics 2014- Indicator compendium: World Health Organization; 2014. [Cited 2014]. Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/whs2014_indicatorcompendium.pdf.
11. Soleimani F, Sajedi F, Amiraliakbari S. Developmental delay and related factors. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery.2015;24 (85): 61-70. [In Persian]
12. Khabbazkar F, Dolatian M, Soleimani F,Alavi Majd H. The survey of the correlation between domestic violence during pregnancy and after delivery with developmental status of 8-12 month's infant. Pajoohande. 2015; 19(6): 320-327. [In Persian]
13. Afraz SF, Ahmadi M, Sajedi F. Development status of 4-24 months children born to teenage mothers referred to health care centers in yasuj, 2013. Armaghane Danesh. 2015; 20(3): 253-263. [In Persian]
14. Nouhjah S, Mokhveli Khazaei F, Mahdavi zadeh N. Assessment of motor development of children attending health centers of Dezful City using World Health Organization standard indexes. The Journal of Paramedical Science and Rehabilitation (JPSR). 2014; 3(1): 16-26. [In Persian]
15. Abdoljabbarpoor H, Rezvani F, Mohammadzadeh A. Investigating the impact of social factors affecting children's health in society . Proceeding of the Second International Congress of Social Studies of Health; 2019 January 2; Tehran, Iran. Shiraz: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/885669
16. Shahraki M, Agheli L, Assari Arani A, Sadeghi H. Children's health and parental socioeco-nomic factors. Tebvatazkiyeh. 2016;25 (2): 95-106. [In Persian]
17. Morrill MS. The effects of maternal employment on the health of school-age children. Journal of health economics. 2011 Mars; 30(2): 240-57. [crossref]
18. Brauner-Otto S, Baird S, Ghimir D. Maternal employment and child health in Nepal: The importance of job type and timing across the child's first five years. Soc Sci Med. 2019 Mars; 224: 94-105. [crossref]
19. Salarkia N,Amini A, Abdollahi M, Eshrati B. Socio-economic and cultural factors affecting child feeding practices: an exploratory qualitative study in Damavand. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2011; 5(4):75-86. [In Persian]
20. Ahmadpoor P, Allahverdi Zadeh M, Amani F, Vsooghi N. Effective causes on toddler's physical growth in Ardabil. Quarterly Scientific Research Journal of the Student Research Committee. 2010; 2(2): 4-9. [In Persian]
21. Kohli-Lynch M, Tann CJ, Ellis ME. Early Intervention for Children at High Risk of Developmental Disability in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Nov 13;16(22):4449. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224449. [crossref]
22. Smythe T, Zuurmond M, Tann C, Gladstone M, Kuper H. Early intervention for children with developmental disabilities in low and middle-income countries-the case for action. International Health. 2021 May 27; 13(3): 222-231.
https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa044 [crossref]
23. Amir Ali Akbari S, Montazeri S, Torabi F, Amiri S, Soleimani F, Alavi Majd H. Correlation between anthropometric indices at birth and developmental delay in children aged 4-60 months in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Gen Med. 2012 Aug 21;5:683-7. Doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S34806. [In Persian] [crossref]
24. Tallachian E, Bidary A, Barakati SH, Habibollahi A, Lornejhad HR, et al. A comprehensive guideline to integrated care for the healthy child, 2nd ed. Tehran: Andisheh Mandegar; 2014:128-239. [In Persian]
25. Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Mojembari A,Habibollahi A. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation and standardization of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) in Iranian children. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2013 May 1; 42(5): 522-8. [In Persian]
26. Zareipour M, Farrokh-Eslamlou H, Ghelichi Ghojogh M. Evaluation of the developmental growth of children in the first year of life based on ASQ Questionnaire. Iranian Journal of Scientific Association. 2017; 4(2): 25-31. [In Persian] [crossref]
27. Soleimani F, Bajalan Z, Alavi Majd H, Fallah S. Relationship between gender and development status in children. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2018; 18(4): 338-345. [In Persian] [crossref]
28. Sarbishegi Moghaddam M, Khanjani N, Doostan F. Environmental factors associated with growth delay among 3-72 month old children in Sarbisheh, south Khorasan province 2013. Journal of Neyshabur University of Medacal Science. 2016; 4(1): 30-40. [In Persian]
29. Dortaj Rabari E, Bagheri P. Growth Disorders of Children in Bam and Baravat/Iran based on Children Growth Diagram. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 19 (5): 479-489. [In Persian]
30. Fesharakinia A, Sharifzadeh Gh. Prevalence of malnutrition in under 5-year old children in Birjand city in 2011. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 20(1): 77-84. [In Persian]
31. Davoodi M, Amini P, Vahidinia A A. Evaluation of stunting prevalence and its association to parental education, socioeconomic status and household size of first-grade students in Hamadan, 2012. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2015; 13(3): 58-65. [In Persian]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
